Intel® Ethernet 700/800 Series

Windows Performance Tuning Guide

ID Date Version Classification
784543 02/06/2024 1.1 Public
Document Table of Contents

PCI Express (PCIe) Passthrough

The PCIe passthrough feature is commonly used in virtualization setups to assign dedicated hardware to virtual machines (VMs). This can be for improved performance or to run applications that require direct access to specific hardware.

To setup PCIe passthrough in Windows:

  1. Ensure that the hardware supports IOMMU (Input/Output Memory Management Unit), Intel® VT-d, or Intel® AMD-Vi (AMD) virtualization technology.
  2. Enable virtualization support (Intel® VT-x or Intel® AMD-V) in server BIOS/UEFI settings.
  3. Install hypervisor on Windows host system.
  4. Create virtual machine (VM) in hypervisor and allocate resources (CPU, RAM, storage) to the VM.
  5. Identify the PCIe device to pass through, such as the network card or any other PCIe device, and associate it with the VM.
  6. Inside the VM, install the necessary drivers for the assigned PCIe device.
Note: Without PCIe passthrough, VMs share host resources, and the hypervisor manages resource allocation, which has an impact on performance (impact on CPU, memory, and I/O). In addition, VMs have limited access to physical hardware, with the hypervisor acting as an intermediary.