IOMMU
In addition, to run the DPDK with Intel® VT-d, the iommu=pt kernel parameter must be used. This results in pass-through of the DMA Remapping (DMAR) lookup in the host. Also, if INTEL_IOMMU_DEFAULT_ON is not set in the kernel, the intel_iommu=on kernel parameter must be used as well. This ensures that Intel IOMMU is initialized as expected.
While using iommu=pt is compulsory for igb_uio driver, the vfio-pci driver can work with both iommu=pt and iommu=on.