Intel® Pentium® Silver and Intel® Celeron® Processors
Datasheet, Volume 1 of 2
ID
633935
Date
12/27/2022
Legal Disclaimer
Revision History
Introduction
Technologies
Power Management
Thermal Management
Memory
Graphics
Display
Imaging
Pin Strap
General Purpose Input and Output (GPIO)
PCH Electrical Specification
CPU Electrical Specifications
Global Device IDs
CPU And Device IDs
Audio, Voice, and Speech
Connectivity Integrated (CNVi)
PCI Express* (PCIe*)
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Serial ATA (SATA)
Flexible I/O
Storage
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
Intel® Serial I/O Generic SPI (GSPI) Controllers
Enhanced Serial Peripheral Interface (eSPI)
Real Time Clock (RTC)
8254 Timers
High Precision Event Timer (HPET)
Intel® LPSS Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) Controllers
Host System Management Bus (SMBus) Controller
System Management Interface and SMLink
System Management
Intel® Serial I/O Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) Controllers
Testability
SoC Pin Location
Security Technologies
Branch Monitoring Counters
Intel® Advanced Encryption Standard New Instructions (Intel® AES-NI)
Perform Carry-Less Multiplication Quad Word (PCLMULQDQ) Instruction
Intel® Secure Key
Execute Disable Bit
Boot Guard Technology
Intel® Supervisor Mode Execution Protection (SMEP)
Intel® Supervisor Mode Access Protection (SMAP)
Intel® Secure Hash Algorithm Extensions (Intel® SHA Extensions)
User Mode Instruction Prevention (UMIP)
Read Processor ID (RDPID)
Functional Description
Configurable GPIO Voltage
GPIO Buffer Impedance Compensation via SD3_RCOMP
Programmable Hardware Debouncer
Integrated Pull-ups and Pull-downs
SCI / SMI# and NMI
Timed GPIO (TIME_SYNC)
GPIO Blink (BK) and Serial Blink (SBK)
Interrupt / IRQ via GPIO Requirement
Native Function and TERM Bit Setting
Virtual GPIO (vGPIO)
DC Specifications
Display Port* Specification
HDMI* Specifications
embedded Display Port* Specifications
16550 8-bit Addressing - Debug Driver Compatibility
SVID AC Specifications
MIPI* DSI Specification
Memory Specifications
MIPI* CSI Specifications
CMOS DC Specifications
GTL and Open Drain DC Specification
PECI DC Characteristics
Features Supported
Interrupt Generation
PCI Express* Power Management
Dynamic Link Throttling
Port 8xh Decode
Separate Reference Clock with Independent SSC (SRIS)
Advanced Error Reporting
Single- Root I/O Virtualization (SR- IOV)
SERR# Generation
Hot-Plug
PCI Express* Lane Polarity Inversion
PCI Express* Controller Lane Reversal
Precision Time Measurement (PTM)
Intel ® 64 Architecture x2APIC
The x2APIC architecture extends the xAPIC architecture that provides key mechanisms for interrupt delivery. This extension is primarily intended to increase processor addressability.
- Retains all key elements of compatibility to the xAPIC architecture:
- Delivery modes
- Interrupt and processor priorities
- Interrupt sources
- Interrupt destination types
- Provides extensions to scale processor addressability for both the logical and physical destination modes.
- Adds new features to enhance performance of interrupt delivery.
- Reduces complexity of logical destination mode interrupt delivery on link based architectures.
The key enhancements provided by the x2APIC architecture over xAPIC are the following:
- Support for two modes of operation to provide backward compatibility and extensibility for future platform innovations:
- In xAPIC compatibility mode, APIC registers are accessed through memory mapped interface to a 4K-Byte page, identical to the xAPIC architecture.
- In x2APIC mode, APIC registers are accessed through Model Specific Register (MSR) interfaces. In this mode, the x2APIC architecture provides significantly increased processor addressability and some enhancements on interrupt delivery.
- Increased range of processor addressability in x2APIC mode:
- Physical xAPIC ID field increases from 8 bits to 32 bits, allowing for interrupt processor addressability up to 4G-1 processors in physical destination mode. A processor implementation of x2APIC architecture can support fewer than 32-bits in a software transparent fashion.
- Logical xAPIC ID field increases from 8 bits to 32 bits. The 32-bit logical x2APIC ID is partitioned into two sub-fields – a 16-bit cluster ID and a 16-bit logical ID within the cluster. Consequently, ((2^20) - 16) processors can be addressed in logical destination mode. Processor implementations can support fewer than 16 bits in the cluster ID sub-field and logical ID sub-field in a software agnostic fashion.
- More efficient MSR interface to access APIC registers:
- To enhance inter-processor and self-directed interrupt delivery as well as the ability to virtualize the local APIC, the APIC register set can be accessed only through MSR-based interfaces in x2APIC mode. The Memory Mapped IO (MMIO) interface used by xAPIC is not supported in x2APIC mode.
- The semantics for accessing APIC registers have been revised to simplify the programming of frequently-used APIC registers by system software. Specifically, the software semantics for using the Interrupt Command Register (ICR) and End Of Interrupt (EOI) registers have been modified to allow for more efficient delivery and dispatching of interrupts.
- The x2APIC extensions are made available to system software by enabling the local x2APIC unit in the “x2APIC” mode. To benefit from x2APIC capabilities, a new operating system and a new BIOS are both needed, with special support for x2APIC mode.
- The x2APIC architecture provides backward compatibility to the xAPIC architecture and forward extensible for future Intel platform innovations.